INDIAN CONSTITUTION STRUCTURE

The constitution has a preamble and 470 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts. With 12 schedules and five appendices, it has been amended 104 times; the latest amendment became effective on 25 January 2020. The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation. At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution—after the Constitution of Alabama—in the world.

The constitution's articles are grouped into the following parts:

• Preamble, with the words "socialist", "secular" and 'integrity' added in 1976 by the 42nd amendment
• Part I – States and union territories – Articles 1 to 4
• Part II – Citizenship – Articles 5 to 11
• Part III – Fundamental Rights – Articles 12 to 35
• Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy – Articles 36 to 51
• Part IVA – Fundamental Duties – Article 51A
• Part V – The Union – Articles 52 to 151
• Part VI – The States – Articles 152 to 237
• Part VII – States in the B part of the first schedule (repealed) – Article 238
• Part VIII – Union territories – Articles 239 to 242
• Part IX – Panchayats – Articles 243 to 243(O)
• Part IXA – Municipalities – Articles 243(P) to 243(ZG)
• Part IXB – Co-operative societies – Articles 243(H) to 243(ZT)
• Part X – Scheduled and tribal areas – Articles 244 to 244A
• Part XI – Relations between the union and the states – Articles 245 to 263
• Part XII – Finance, property, contracts and suits – Articles 264 to 300A
• Part XIII – Trade and commerce within India – Articles 301 to 307
• Part XIV – Services under the union and states – Articles 308 to 323
• Part XIVA – Tribunals – Articles 323A to 323B
• Part XV – Elections – Articles 324 to 329A
• Part XVI – Special provisions relating to certain classes – Articles 330 to 342
• Part XVII – Languages – Articles 343 to 351
• Part XVIII – Emergency provisions – Articles 352 to 360
• Part XIX – Miscellaneous – Articles 361 to 367
• Part XX – Amending the constitution – Articles 368
• Part XXI – Temporary, transitional and special provisions – Articles 369 to 392
• Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals – Articles 393 to 395

Schedules

Schedules are lists in the constitution which categorise and tabulate bureaucratic activity and government policy.

Schedule	Article(s)	Description
First	1 and 4	Lists India's states and territories, changes in their borders and the laws used to make that change.
Second	59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221	Lists the salaries of public officials, judges, and the comptroller and auditor general.
Third	75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219	Forms of oaths – Lists the oaths of office for elected officials and judges
Fourth	4(1) and 80(2)	Details the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (upper house of Parliament) by state or union territory.
Fifth	244(1)	Provides for the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes (areas and tribes requiring special protection).
Sixth	244(2) and 275(1)	Provisions made for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Seventh	246	Central government, state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities
Eighth	344(1) and 351	Official languages
Ninth	31-B	Validation of certain acts and regulations.
Tenth	102(2) and 191(2)	Anti-defection provisions for members of Parliament and state legislatures.
Eleventh	243-G	Panchayat Raj (rural local government)
Twelfth	243-W	Municipalities (urban local government)

Appendices

• Appendix I – The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954
• Appendix II – Re-statement, referring to the constitution's present text, of exceptions and modifications applicable to the state of Jammu and Kashmir
• Appendix III – Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
• Appendix IV – The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002
• Appendix V – The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003